01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a vigorous boil. Add the dried penne and cook according to package instructions until al dente. Reserve 0.5 cup of cooking water, then drain the pasta.
02 - While the pasta cooks, heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add sliced garlic and sauté until fragrant and just beginning to turn golden, about 1 minute.
03 - Incorporate the chopped Calabrian chilies or chili paste and cook for 30 seconds, stirring continuously to release their aroma.
04 - Pour in canned whole peeled tomatoes, crushing them gently with a spoon. Season with sea salt, black pepper, and sugar if desired. Mix thoroughly.
05 - Allow the sauce to simmer uncovered for 12 to 15 minutes, stirring occasionally, until it reduces slightly and thickens.
06 - Fold in the torn basil leaves and adjust seasoning to taste.
07 - Introduce the drained penne pasta to the sauce. Toss together, adding reserved pasta water as needed to achieve desired consistency.
08 - Immediately plate the pasta and garnish with grated Pecorino Romano or Parmesan cheese and additional Calabrian chili or chili flakes as preferred.